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The most common origins of head and neck pain are neurogenic (nerve root compression, peripheral neuropathy, herpetic neuralgia), soft tissue pain (cervical strain, myofascial pain), musculoskeletal pain (degenerative joint disease, fracture, neoplasm, degenerative disk disease), or sympathetic pain. Depending on pain origin, there are different treatment options. |
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Low back pain originates from any of four major structures: bone (degenerative joint disease, spinal stenos, facet arthropathy, metastatic malignancy), lumbar disk (herniated nucleus pulposus, degenerated ruptured disk), musculoskeletal system (muscles and ligaments strain, muscular spasm), and nerves (neuropatic pain).
One of the most difficult types of pain to treat is post-surgical arachnoiditis (failed back surgery syndrome). Up to 85% of patients with low back pain cannot be given a definitive diagnosis because of the poor association among symptoms, pathologic findings and imaging results. |
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Although upper back pain and thoracic pain are not very common spinal disorders, they tend to result in significant discomfort and pain. Thoracic pain may be caused by internal organ pathology (lung cancer, esophageal disorders, heart disorders), referral pain (cardiac angina, cholecistitis), muscular irritation (myofascial pain), joint dysfunction of thoracic cage and upper back, pain from herniated or degenerated disk, nerve pain (intercostal neuralgia, herpes zoster), pain from osteoporotic vertebra body collapse. |
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Abdominal pain is usually caused by disease of internal organs of the abdominal cavity and is treated by a gastroenterologist or surgeon. Interventional pain management is offered to patients who suffer from advanced cancer of internal organs (especially pancreatic cancer) or other chronic conditions (chronic pancreatitis, abdominal angina). Most of the time, treatment is very successful. |
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Chronic pelvic pain may occur in the presence of known or suspected organic pathology, or without any evidence of an underlying physical cause. Pelvic pain is more common in women, with most common reasons being endometriosis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic adhesions, neoplasm, and myofascial pain of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic pain may persist even after total hysterectomy. |
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Central pain is produced by lesions of the central nervous system: spinal cord, brain and brainstem. An example of central pain are: multiple sclerosis, neoplasm, patients with stroke. |
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Peripheral nervous system pain ( peripheral neuropathy) results from peripheral nerve lesions. This peripheral nerve lesions may be caused by Herpes Zoster (postherpetic neuropathy), diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), entrapment neuropathy ( pain after inguinal hernia repair), chronic alcoholism (alcoholic neuropathy). |
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS I), applies to a variety of seemingly unrelated disorders having similar clinical feature and manifesting the sane fundamental disturbed physiology. Causalgia or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS II) is a historical term describing a RSD that follows partial or complete injury to peripheral nerve trunk. Pain is characterized by constant, spontaneous, severe burning pain. If persistent, it results in trophic changes. |
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Phantom Limb Pain describes painful sensations that are perceived to originate in the amputated portion of extremity. In addition, patient may have localized pain following amputation, which originates from the stump itself. |
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Coping with Chronic Pain
More than 21% of adult Americans suffer from moderate or severe chronic pain, to the point that they choose to seek the help of a physician. Pain is the second most common reason that people visit doctors, exceeded only by cold and upper respiratory infections. However, The National Institute of Health claims that 40 million Americans are unable to find relief from their chronic pain.
At Pain Solutions, our knowledge of pain is far greater than that of regular physicians. We are very dedicated to providing all of our patients with the most effective pain management, and follow a course of conservative medical treatments before undertaking more invasive therapies. Our goal is pain alleviation—a goal often attained by our expert staff; however when it is not possible to completely get rid of pain, we can assure you that we do our best to make the pain tolerable and improve the patients’ functional status.
Pain: an introduction
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as:
an unpleasant sensory and/or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in term of such damage. Pain is actually a message sent along the nerves to let the brain know that something is damaging the body. The brain responds by sending a message to the muscles or organ to take action.
Click here to read about Understanding Pain & Treatment Options
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